Many thanks for pointing out the importance of circularity in the materials industry; it reminds me of a quote in Kate Raworth's Dougnut Economics by economist Robert Heilbronner:

"As in all spaceships, sustained life requires that a meticulous balance be maintained between the capability of rhe vehicle to support life and the demands made by the inhabitants of the craft."

That said, if mankind were on a space ship, which is the case in a certain way, then one would design the use of all all on-baord materials in a circular manner.

Should you be interested in circularity in terms of energy & entropy in a material steady state, please have a look at https://peter-wurmsdobler.medium.com/prosperity-within-material-boundaries-ff0ed36d5111