Thanks for these very useful diagrams showing aspects of a dynamic systems and their relationships at various levels of complexity. It reminds me of causality diagrams akin to Bond graphs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond_graph).

Since the above diagrams only show the qualitative relationships, did you consider quantifying that diagram to an extent: a) define state variables such as surface temperature, CO2 concentration, population, etc., b) define a set of differential equations that binds them together and describes the behaviour, c) perform some stability analysis and simulations, d) try to linearise at some operational point and work out poles (positive and negative) and zeros, i.e. the time constants involved as well as the limes of some state variables for a given input.